Pharaoh has finally agreed to let the Israelites out of Egypt. G-d deliberately leads the people out by a longer route because He fears that “The people may have a change of heart when they see war, and return to Egypt.” As we shall see, G-d’s fears are not completely unfounded.
Almost immediately Pharaoh changes his mind and decides to pursue the Israelites with his mighty army. As the Egyptians draw closer, the Israelites become frightened and turn on Moses: “Was it for want of graves in Egypt that you brought us to die in the wilderness? What have you done to us, taking us out of Egypt? …it is better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.”
G-d instructs Moses to hold his rod over the sea and the sea splits, allowing the Israelites to pass on dry land. The Egyptians try to follow and are drowned. But even after this great miracle the people continue to complain. After several days of wandering in the desert, they begin to grow hungry. They grumble to Moses: “If only we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt…when we ate our fill of bread! For you have brought us out into this wilderness to starve the whole congregation to death.”
G-d then tells Moses that He will “rain down bread…from the sky” and he sends manna. But even this is not enough. Next the Israelites complain of being thirsty. They nearly start a riot, demanding water, and crying out: “Why did you bring us up from Egypt, to kill us and our children and livestock with thirst?” Moses cries out to G-d in frustration: “What shall I do with this people? Before long they will be stoning me!”
Why are the Israelites so difficult? Why do they act like children, constantly whining and complaining and refusing to do anything to help themselves? Why do they lack any kind of faith or hope, even after G-d performs repeated miracles?
The answer is that this generation of Israelites had been born into slavery and they still had a slave mentality. As Americans sayings like “Give me liberty or give me death!” or “Live free or die!” are part of our culture. But the Israelites believed that it was better to live as slaves in Egypt than to die in the wilderness. While Americans take the whole idea of being able to control one’s destiny for granted, the Israelite slaves didn’t know how to take responsibility for their own lives or do things for themselves. Their confidence was so low, that G-d even had to lead them out through a longer route because He knew from the very beginning that they had no will to fight. Even after they eventually reached Canaan where they could finally live as free men in their own country, the Israelites lacked the courage to rise up and fight. It was for this reason that G-d decreed that they would have to wander in the desert for forty years. The experience of slavery had simply been too traumatic. The only hope would be to wait for the next generation, which would be born into freedom.
There is one more interesting incident in this parsha. As the Israelites are fleeing Egypt, they are attacked by the Amalekites. Now, the interesting thing is that G-d despises the Amalekites even more than the Egyptians. In Deuteronomy Jews are specifically commanded not to abhor an Egyptian. However, after the battle with the Amalekites, G-d declares “I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven!” and Moses states “The Lord will be at war with Amalek throughout the ages.” Later on in Deuteronomy, G-d tells the Jews: “Remember what Amalek did to you on your journey, after you left Egypt…you shall blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!”
We have just finished discussing how the Jews suffered terribly as slaves under the Egyptians. Why this extreme hatred for the Amalekites rather than the Egyptians?
The answer is that the Amalekite attack was unnecessarily vindictive. They attacked the Israelites without provocation and as they were fleeing Egypt and were particularly vulnerable. Remember, these are people who had been struggling to survive in the desert and were completely beaten down. In more recent times, an American-Jewish poet named Emma Lazarus wrote a poem that appears at the base of the Statue of Liberty: “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free…” She was inspired to write these words when she saw the Russian-Jewish immigrants who were fleeing pogroms in Eastern Europe. But she could have just as well been describing the Israelites fleeing Egypt. Not only did the Amalekites attack these pathetic refugees, but they also attacked from the rear, where the weakest stragglers were located: women, children, and the sick.
In the Book of Esther we find out that Haman is descended from the Amalekites. Since then the Amalekites have come to symbolize extreme anti-Semitism. In Jewish tradition, anyone who has a rabid, irrational hatred of Jews is supposedly descended from the Amalekites. Many people have even suggested that Adolph Hitler himself was a descendant of the Amalekites.
In conclusion, I’ll simply say this: As Jews we must always be aware of bigotry and hate. We must always fight genocide and its twin evil, slavery. As Jews we have a special responsibility to learn from our history and to make sure that such things never happen again—to anyone, anywhere.
Shabbat Shalom.